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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Alemannic German on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Alemannic German in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
No Alemannic dialect uses all of the sounds described in this guide.
Each example word is tagged with the name of the dialect from which it comes.
The majority of the example words are from the Zurich dialect.
Most Alemannic dialects are not written very often, and thus do not have official spellings. For the sake of consistency, this guide uses the Swiss German spelling convention proposed by Dieth & Schmid-Cadalbert (1986).
See Bernese German phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of one of the Alemannic dialects.
^ abcdefghSome scholars choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents with the symbols ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩, rather than ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩. In that case, the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨pː, tː, kː, xː, sː, ʃː⟩ or ⟨pp, tt, kk, xx, ss, ʃʃ⟩, rather than ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Here, we choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents as ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩, whereas the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Long fortis obstruents or geminates occur in most of Switzerland except for the extreme Northeast, Wallis, and the Grisons–St. Gall Rhine valley.
^ abcdefghThe dorsal obstruents /kx,x,ɣ̊/ are realized as velar or uvular , depending on the dialect.
^ abcThe aspirated consonants occur in borrowings from Standard German (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244)). In the dialects of Basel and Chur, an aspirated is also present in native words.
^ abcdeThe /r/ phoneme can be pronounced as an alveolar trill or an alveolar tap (with both being transcribed with ⟨r⟩ in this guide for the sake of simplicity),, a uvular trill , a voiced uvular fricative or approximant , a voiceless lenis uvular fricative . Some dialects (e.g. Zurich German) use all six realizations (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244)).
^In Swabian German, /r/ is realized as a uvular approximant in syllable onset, but as a pharyngeal approximant in other positions (Markus Hiller. "Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality"(PDF). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.). For simplicity, we transcribe these sounds as, respectively, and .
^In Bernese German, /l/ in the syllable coda is realized as .
^In Bernese German, the geminate /lː/ is realized as .
^ abcdefThe open vowels /a,aː/ can be front or central (with both sets transcribed as for simplicity), back unrounded or back rounded , depending on the dialect.
^The schwa /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.
^In Basel German and in the dialect of Markgräflerland, /uː/ is fronted to .
Bibliography
Dauwalder, Hans (1992), Wie mma s seid und cha schriiben. Eine haslideutsche Kurzgrammatik, Meiringen: Gemeinnütziger Verein