In today's world, Procyclidine has become a topic of great relevance and interest to a wide range of people. From its origin to its impact on today's society, Procyclidine has sparked debates and reflections in different areas, and its influence extends to various aspects of daily life. In this article, we will explore in detail the various aspects related to Procyclidine, analyzing its historical, social, cultural and economic dimensions. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we will seek to understand the complexity and importance of Procyclidine in the contemporary world, as well as its potential to generate significant changes in different spheres of society.
Procyclidine is also sometimes used for the treatment of dystonia (but not tardive dyskinesia), a rare disorder that causes abnormal muscle contraction, resulting in twisting postures of limbs, trunk, or face.
Overdose
Signs of procyclidine overdose are those of an anticholinergic and include confusion, agitation and sleeplessness that can last up to or more than 24 hours. Pupils become dilated and unreactive to light. Tachycardia (fast heart beat), as well as auditory and visual hallucinations have also been reported.
Other known symptoms of overdose are: clumsiness or unsteadiness, being severely drowsy, having a severely dry mouth, nose, or throat, having an altered mood or other mental changes, seizures, being short of breath or having troubled breathing, a dry and warm, flushed skin.
A suspected overdose with severe life-threatening symptoms should immediately be brought to medical attention, where reversal can be attempted with physostigmine administered intravenously or subcutaneously.
Synthesis
Procyclidine, 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolidinopropan-1-ol, is synthesized in exactly the same manner as was seen for trihexyphenidyl, except this time the linear synthesis begins with the preparation of 3-(1-pyrrolidino)propiophenone.
In an interesting variation, the ketone is first reacted with phenylmagnesium bromide. Catalytic hydrogenation of the carbinol thus obtained can be stopped after the reduction of only one aromatic ring.
Side Effects
Side effects include nausea, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, anxiety, cognitive impairment, confusion, dizziness, gingivitis, hallucination, memory loss, rash and vomiting.
^DE 1084734, Jassmann, Edgar & Pfanz, Hermann, "Verfahren zur Herstellung von tertiäeren Aminoalkoholen ", published 1960-07-07, assigned to VEB Fahlberg-List Chemische und Pharmazeutische Fabriken
^Adamson DW, Barrett PA, Wilkinson S (1951). "11. Aminoalkyl tertiary carbinols and derived products. Part IV. Spasmolytics. Phenyl- and cyclohexylphenyl-carbinols". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 52. doi:10.1039/jr9510000052.