In today's world, THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription has become a relevant topic that arouses the interest of millions of people around the world. Over time, THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription has acquired increasing importance in different areas, from technology to culture, politics and society in general. The impact of THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription is undeniable and its influence is felt in all spheres of daily life. In this article, we will thoroughly explore the phenomenon of THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription and analyze its relevance in today's world.
The THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language.
It was created by David Germano and Nicolas Tournadre and was published on 12 December 2003. It is essentially a simplified form of the Tournadre Phonetic System, which is used by Tournadre in his Tibetan-language textbooks.
THL (formerly THDL) stands for the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" project, which is hosted at the University of Virginia.
IPA | Wylie transliteration | Tibetan pinyin | THL |
---|---|---|---|
pá | p, sp, dp, lp | b | p |
pà | rb, sb, sbr | b | b |
mpà | lb, ’b | b | b |
pʰá | ph, ’ph | p | p |
pʰà | b | p | b |
bà | bh | bh | bh |
má | rm, sm, dm, smr | m | m |
mà | m, mr | m | m |
wà | db, b, w | w | w |
tá | t, rt, lt, st, tw, gt, bt, brt, blt, bst, bld | d | t |
tà | rd, sd, gd, bd, brd, bsd | d | d |
ntá | lth | d | |
ntà | zl, bzl, ld, md, ’d | d | d |
tʰá | th, mth, ’th | t | t |
tʰà | d, dw | t | d |
ná | rn, sn, gn, brn, bsn, mn | n | n |
nà | n | n | n |
lá | kl, gl, bl, rl, sl, brl, bsl | l | l |
là | l, lw | l | l |
l̥á | lh | lh | lh |
tsá | ts, rts, sts, rtsw, stsw, gts, bts, brts, bsts | z | ts |
tsà | rdz, gdz, brdz | z | dz |
ntsà | mdz, ’dz | z | dz |
tsʰá | tsh, tshw, mtsh, ’tsh | c | ts |
tsʰà | dz | c | dz |
sá | s, sr, sw, gs, bs, bsr | s | s |
sà | z, zw, gz, bz | s | z |
ʈʂá | kr, rkr, lkr, skr, tr, pr, lpr, spr, dkr, dpr, bkr, bskr, bsr | zh | tr |
ʈʂà | rgr, lgr, sgr, dgr, dbr, bsgr, rbr, lbr, sbr | zh | dr |
ɳʈʂà | mgr, ’gr, ’dr, ’br | zh | dr |
ʈʂʰá | khr, thr, phr, mkhr, ’khr, ’phr | ch | tr |
ʈʂʰà | gr, dr, br, grw | ch | dr |
ʂá | hr | sh | hr |
rà | r, rw | r | r |
r̥á | rh | rh | |
cá | ky, rky, lky, sky, dky, bky, brky, bsky | gy | ky |
cà | rgy, lgy, sgy, dgy, bgy, brgy, bsgy | gy | gy |
ɲcà | mgy, ’gy | gy | gy |
cʰá | khy, mkhy, ’khy | ky | khy |
cʰà | gy | ky | gy |
çá | hy | hy | hy |
tɕá | c, cw, gc, bc, lc, py, lpy, spy, dpy | j | ch |
tɕà | rby, lby, sby, rj, gj, brj | j | j |
ɲtɕà | lj, mj, ’j, ’by | j | j |
tɕʰá | ch, mch, ’ch, phy, ’phy | q | ch |
tɕʰà | j, by | q | j |
ɕá | sh, shw, gsh, bsh | x | sh |
ɕà | zh, zhw, gzh, bzh | x | zh |
ɲá | rny, sny, gny, brny, bsny, mny, nyw, rmy, smy | ny | ny |
ɲà | ny, my | ny | ny |
já | g.y | y | y |
jà | y, dby | y | y |
ká | k, rk, lk, sk, kw, dk, bk, brk, bsk | g | k |
kà | rg, lg, sg, dg, bg, brg, bsg | g | g |
ŋkà | lg, mg, ’g | g | g |
kʰá | kh, khw, mkh, ’kh | k | kh |
kʰà | g, gw | k | g |
ŋá | rng, lng, sng, dng, brng, bsng, mng | ng | ng |
ŋà | ng | ng | ng |
ʔá | —, db | — | — |
ʔ̞à | ’ | — | — |
há | h, hw | h | h |
IPA | THL | IPA | THL |
---|---|---|---|
i | i | ĩ | in |
e | é | ẽ | én |
ɛ | e/é | ɛ̃ | en/én |
a | a | ã | an |
u | u | ũ | un |
o | o | õ | on |
ɔ | o | ɔ̃ | on |
y | ü | ỹ | ün |
ø | ö | ø̃ | ön |