Talking about Tsat language is a topic that has generated interest and debate in different areas. From its impact on society to its relevance in history, Tsat language has been the subject of study and research in various disciplines. Over time, Tsat language has evolved and gained importance in different contexts, leading to a deeper and more detailed analysis of its meaning and influence on our daily lives. In this article, we will explore different aspects related to Tsat language and its relevance today, considering its impact on culture, economy and politics, among other aspects.
This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. (April 2021) |
Tsat | |
---|---|
Hainan Cham | |
Native to | China |
Region | Hainan |
Ethnicity | Utsul |
Native speakers | 4,000 (2007) |
Austronesian
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | huq |
Glottolog | tsat1238 |
ELP | Tsat |
Tsat, also known as Utsat, Utset, Hainan Cham, or Huíhuī (simplified Chinese: 回辉语; traditional Chinese: 回輝語; pinyin: Huíhuīyǔ), is a tonal language spoken by 4,500 Utsul people in Yanglan (羊栏) and Huixin (回新) villages near Sanya, Hainan, China. Tsat is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian group within the Austronesian language family, and is one of the Chamic languages originating on the coast of present-day Vietnam.
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
Affricate | ts | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | s | h | |||
voiced | v | z | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Lateral | l |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a aː |
Hainan Cham tones correspond to various Proto-Chamic sounds.
Tone value (Hainan Cham) |
Type of tone (Hainan Cham) |
Proto-Chamic final sound |
---|---|---|
55 | High | *-h, *-s; PAN *-q |
42 | Falling | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ Voiceless final: voiced stop / affricate (pre-)initial *-ay, *-an |
24 | Rising | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ Voiceless final: default |
11 | Low | Vowels and nasals, *-a:s Voiced final: voiced stop / affricate (pre-)initial |
33 | Mid | Vowels and nasals, *a:s Voiced final: default |
Unusually for an Austronesian language, Tsat has developed into a tonal language, probably as a result of areal linguistic effects and contact with the diverse tonal languages spoken on Hainan including varieties of Chinese such as Hainanese and Standard Chinese, Tai–Kadai languages such as the Hlai languages, and Hmong–Mien languages such as Kim Mun.