In today's world, Two-empire system is a topic of increasing relevance and debate. With the passage of time, it has acquired increasing importance in society, influencing different aspects of daily life. Whether in the field of politics, economics, technology, culture or any other, Two-empire system has become a central topic that arouses conflicting opinions and diverse positions. In this article, we will explore different aspects related to Two-empire system, analyzing its impact on society and reflecting on the implications it has for our present and future.
Biological classification system
The two-empire system (two-superkingdom system) was the top-level biological classification system in general use before the establishment of the three-domain system. It classified cellular life into Prokaryota and Eukaryota as either "empires" or "superkingdoms". When the three-domain system was introduced, some biologists preferred the two-superkingdom system, claiming that the three-domain system overemphasized the division between Archaea and Bacteria. However, given the current state of knowledge and the rapid progress in biological scientific advancement, especially due to genetic analyses, that view has all but vanished.
Some prominent scientists, such as the late Thomas Cavalier-Smith, still hold and held to the two-empire system. The late Ernst Mayr, one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists, wrote dismissively of the three-domain system, "I cannot see any merit at all in a three empire cladification." Additionally, the scientist Radhey Gupta argues for a return to the two-empire system, claiming that the primary division within prokaryotes should be among those surrounded by a single membrane (monoderm), including gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria, and those with an inner and outer cell membrane (diderm), including gram-negative bacteria.
^Gupta, Radhey S (1998). "Life's Third Domain (Archaea): An Established Fact or an Endangered Paradigm?". Theoretical Population Biology. 54 (2): 91–104. doi:10.1006/tpbi.1998.1376. PMID9733652.
^Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species.
^Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin.